Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDKs （cyclin-dependent kinase）. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb and the expression of this gene is regulated positively by Rb. Mutations, amplification and overexpression of this gene, which alters cell cycle progression, are observed frequently in a variety of tumors and may contribute to tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemical staining of cyclin D1 antibodies is used to diagnose mantle cell lymphoma.
Besides, cyclin D1 has been found to be overexpressed in breast carcinoma. Its potential use as a biomarker was suggested.